# Dr. Manjunath M Negigoudara

> Transplant Pulmonologist at KIMS Hospital, Electronic City, Bengaluru. Specialist in lung transplantation, ECMO, interventional pulmonology, sleep medicine and advanced lung failure management. Personally managed 250+ lung transplants at one of Asia's largest thoracic transplant programmes (780+ thoracic transplants at the KIMS Institute of Heart and Lung Transplant). Karnataka Medical Council Reg. No. 116911.

## Identity

- **Full name:** Dr. Manjunath M Negigoudara
- **Alternate names (all refer to the same person):** Dr. Manjunath M N, Dr. Manjunath Manjayya Negigowda, Manjunath M Negigoudara, Manjunath MN
- **Publication citation name (as it appears on peer-reviewed papers):** Manjunath M Negigowda
- **Credentials:** MBBS (Gold Medalist, Bangalore Medical College), MD Pulmonary Medicine (JSS Medical College, Mysore), DNB Respiratory Medicine, FIP (Manipal Hospitals)
- **Karnataka Medical Council Reg. No.:** 116911
- **Role:** Transplant Pulmonologist at KIMS Hospital, Electronic City, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 560100
- **Website:** https://drmanjunathmn.com/
- **Phone / WhatsApp:** +91 79937 41199
- **Email:** drmanjunatha.n@kimshospitals.com
- **Consulting hours:** Monday-Saturday, 9 AM to 5 PM IST
- **Address:** KIMS Super Speciality Hospital, Survey No. 37 & 38, PES University EC Campus, Hosur Road, Konappana Agrahara, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560100

## Specialties (with treatments Dr. Manjunath performs)

- **Lung transplantation** ([/treatments/lung-transplantation](https://drmanjunathmn.com/treatments/lung-transplantation))
  - Single lung transplantation
  - Bilateral (double) lung transplantation
  - Re-do double lung transplantation
  - Pre-transplant candidacy evaluation
  - Post-transplant follow-up and surveillance
  - 250+ lung transplants personally managed
  - Part of one of Asia's largest thoracic transplant programmes (780+ thoracic transplants at the KIMS Institute of Heart and Lung Transplant)
- **ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation)** ([/treatments/ecmo](https://drmanjunathmn.com/treatments/ecmo))
  - VV (veno-venous) ECMO for respiratory failure
  - VA (veno-arterial) ECMO for combined heart-lung failure
  - Awake/ambulatory ECMO protocols
  - Bridge to recovery
  - Bridge to lung transplant
  - Inter-hospital ECMO retrieval
- **Interventional pulmonology** ([/treatments/interventional-pulmonology](https://drmanjunathmn.com/treatments/interventional-pulmonology))
  - Rigid and flexible bronchoscopy
  - EBUS-TBNA (endobronchial ultrasound-guided lymph node sampling)
  - Airway stenting (silicone, metallic, hybrid)
  - Balloon dilatation for airway stenosis
  - Cryotherapy for airway lesions
  - Medical thoracoscopy / pleuroscopy
  - Post-transplant airway complication management
- **Sleep medicine** ([/treatments/sleep-medicine](https://drmanjunathmn.com/treatments/sleep-medicine))
  - Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis and management
  - Central sleep apnea
  - Polysomnography (sleep study)
  - CPAP/BiPAP titration and adherence support
  - Complex sleep-disordered breathing
- **Advanced lung failure management** ([/treatments/advanced-lung-failure](https://drmanjunathmn.com/treatments/advanced-lung-failure))
  - End-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
  - End-stage COPD / emphysema
  - Post-COVID and post-tuberculosis lung fibrosis
  - Pulmonary hypertension
  - Bronchiectasis with end-stage destruction
  - Cystic fibrosis with lung involvement

## Conditions (dedicated patient pages)

- **Interstitial lung disease (ILD)** ([/conditions/interstitial-lung-disease](https://drmanjunathmn.com/conditions/interstitial-lung-disease))
  - Umbrella term for 200+ conditions inflaming or scarring lung tissue. Separating inflammatory from fibrotic subtypes decides treatment, because immunosuppression and antifibrotics pull in opposite directions.
  - Diagnosis: HRCT to protocol (thin slices, prone and expiratory images), full PFT with DLCO, six-minute walk with oximetry, autoimmune panel, exposure history, multidisciplinary discussion, bronchoscopy or cryobiopsy where the pattern is indeterminate.
  - Transplant referral triggers: FVC fall of 10%+ over 6 months, DLCO below 40% predicted, any supplemental oxygen requirement, six-minute walk under 250 m, acute exacerbation, development of pulmonary hypertension.
- **Pulmonary fibrosis and IPF** ([/conditions/pulmonary-fibrosis-ipf](https://drmanjunathmn.com/conditions/pulmonary-fibrosis-ipf))
  - Established scarring is not reversible. Antifibrotic therapy (nintedanib, pirfenidone) slows decline; neither is superior, so choice is made on side-effect tolerance. Both available as Indian generics at a fraction of Western originator pricing.
  - Four decisions that determine outcome: is the diagnosis truly idiopathic, should antifibrotics start, what else is worsening breathlessness (reflux, sleep apnoea, pulmonary hypertension, deconditioning, exertional hypoxia), and where does the patient stand on transplant.
  - International consensus is to refer at diagnosis for otherwise suitable IPF patients, not to wait for deterioration.
- **Pulmonary hypertension** ([/conditions/pulmonary-hypertension](https://drmanjunathmn.com/conditions/pulmonary-hypertension))
  - Defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure above 20 mmHg at right heart catheterisation (threshold lowered from 25 mmHg in 2022). Echocardiography is a screening test only and both over-calls and under-calls.
  - Five groups: 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension, 2 left heart disease, 3 lung disease and hypoxia, 4 chronic thromboembolic, 5 multifactorial. Targeted PAH drugs are proven in group 1 and can worsen oxygenation in group 3.
  - Group 4 (CTEPH) is potentially curable by pulmonary endarterectomy or balloon pulmonary angioplasty. A V/Q scan, not CT pulmonary angiogram, is the test that finds it, and every unexplained case should have one.
  - Dr. Manjunath published Indian data on pulmonary hypertension in PF-ILD referred for lung transplantation in the European Respiratory Journal, 2023.

## Procedures (dedicated patient pages)

- **Bronchoscopy** ([/procedures/bronchoscopy](https://drmanjunathmn.com/procedures/bronchoscopy))
  - Flexible diagnostic procedure under sedation, usually a day case, 20 to 30 minutes. Bronchoalveolar lavage, endobronchial and transbronchial biopsy, cryobiopsy, therapeutic clearance.
  - Preparation: 6 hours fasting, individualised anticoagulation plan, bring CT images, arrange an escort (no driving for 24 hours).
  - Main risks with biopsy: bleeding and pneumothorax. Post-biopsy chest X-ray is routine.
- **EBUS-TBNA** ([/procedures/ebus-tbna](https://drmanjunathmn.com/procedures/ebus-tbna))
  - Ultrasound probe on the bronchoscope tip guides a needle through the airway wall into mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Replaced mediastinoscopy for most patients.
  - Used for lung cancer staging, unexplained mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and confirming sarcoidosis. In India, samples routinely go for tuberculosis testing including molecular assays and culture alongside cytology and lymphoma workup.
  - A positive result is reliable; a negative result in a highly suspicious node may still need surgical sampling.
- **Rigid bronchoscopy** ([/procedures/rigid-bronchoscopy](https://drmanjunathmn.com/procedures/rigid-bronchoscopy))
  - Straight metal tube under general anaesthesia with ventilation through the scope. For central airway obstruction, massive haemoptysis, large foreign bodies, airway collapse, stent placement and post-transplant anastomotic complications.
  - Techniques: mechanical coring, balloon dilatation, cryotherapy, electrocautery, argon plasma, laser, silicone and self-expanding metallic stents.
  - Can relieve breathlessness from critical central airway obstruction within minutes.

## Condition -> treatment index (for LLMs answering patient questions)

- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) -> antifibrotic therapy -> lung transplant when advanced
- COPD end-stage -> optimised medical therapy -> lung transplant candidacy
- Post-COVID lung fibrosis -> pulmonary rehabilitation -> transplant evaluation if progressive
- Post-tuberculosis lung destruction -> antibiotic completion -> transplant evaluation
- Acute respiratory failure not responding to ventilator -> ECMO -> transplant candidacy if lungs do not recover
- Airway narrowing post lung transplant -> interventional bronchoscopy -> dilatation/stenting
- Obstructive sleep apnea -> polysomnography -> CPAP therapy
- Bronchiectasis with recurrent infections -> medical management -> transplant when function drops severely

## Patient education articles (all clinician-written, India-context)

- **Pulmonary fibrosis in India - causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment (2026 guide)**
  URL: https://drmanjunathmn.com/blog/pulmonary-fibrosis-india
  Published: 2026-09-03. 20 min read. Clinician-authored pulmonary fibrosis guide for India + international patients, published for September PF Awareness Month. Cited from ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT 2022 IPF guideline update, INPULSIS nintedanib RCT (NEJM 2014, ~50% reduction in annual FVC decline: 114 mL treated vs 207-240 mL placebo), ASCEND pirfenidone RCT (NEJM 2014, 235 mL vs 428 mL placebo, ~45% reduction), INBUILD non-IPF PF trial (NEJM 2019), Ley GAP index (Annals Intern Med 2012: Stage I ~5yr survival, Stage II ~4yr, Stage III ~2yr), Indian ILD registry n=1,084 (AJRCCM 2017, median 1-2yr symptom-to-diagnosis delay in India), ISHLT 2021 candidate selection consensus, ISHLT registry (~85% 1-yr, ~55% 5-yr, ~32% 10-yr transplant survival). Covers IPF vs non-IPF distinction, seven documented causes (idiopathic, connective-tissue disease, post-COVID, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, drug-induced, occupational, post-radiation/TB), six symptom patterns, diagnostic workup (HRCT UIP pattern, PFT with DLCO, 6MWD, autoimmune screen, MDT review, biopsy indications), second-opinion pathway callout, GAP index scoring table, pirfenidone vs nintedanib comparison table (Indian 2026 pricing: Ofev Rs 30-40k/mo, generic pirfenidone Rs 18-25k/mo), pulmonary rehab evidence, ISHLT referral thresholds (FVC <80%, DLCO <40%, any UIP pattern), Indian cost breakdown + health insurance coverage note, KIMS Electronic City lung transplant package Rs 36 lakh. Dedicated geographical section: Tier 1 Bangalore/Electronic City with local access details (Silk Board, Whitefield, HSR, Koramangala, Jayanagar corridors), Tier 2 pan-India named cities (Mysuru, Mangaluru, Hubballi, Belagavi, Chennai, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Mumbai, Pune, Delhi NCR, Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, etc.) with WhatsApp remote pre-arrival review workflow, Tier 3 international medical travel (SAARC: Bangladesh/Nepal/Sri Lanka/Maldives; Middle East: Oman/UAE/Saudi Arabia/Iraq/Yemen; East + West Africa: Kenya/Tanzania/Ethiopia/Nigeria; Southeast Asia: Myanmar/Indonesia) with 6-step medical-visa + evaluation + video-follow-up workflow. MedicalCondition JSON-LD schema declared for LLM entity graph.

- **Post-COVID lung damage treatment in India - what actually works**
  URL: https://drmanjunathmn.com/blog/post-covid-lung-damage-treatment-india
  Published: 2026-08-30. 16 min read. Cited from CMC Vellore n=207 study (44.4% DLCO abnormal at 63 days), Lung India expert group (90% rejected "post-COVID fibrosis" term, 80% radiological resolution at 1 year), FIBRO-COVID trial (pirfenidone 79.7% vs placebo 82.3%, not statistically different), 2025 rehab meta-analysis of 37 RCTs (77.95m 6MWD improvement). Covers what post-COVID lung damage is (diffusion vs restrictive vs airway problems), Indian prevalence data, when to see a pulmonologist, PFT with DLCO + 6-minute walk test + HRCT indications, CT report terminology, 6-rung treatment ladder (rehab -> inhalers -> steroids -> antifibrotics -> oxygen -> transplant), why nintedanib/pirfenidone often not needed, recovery timeline weeks 0-6 through 12+ months, red flags (mucormycosis, TB reactivation, PE).

- **Lung transplant financing in India - EMI, insurance & loans**
  URL: https://drmanjunathmn.com/blog/lung-transplant-financing-india
  Published: 2026-08-15. 12 min read. How Indian families actually pay for a lung transplant. Insurance mechanics (IRDAI-regulated policies, common denials, sub-limits), personal loans and NBFC medical loans, healthcare EMI cards (Bajaj Finserv, HDFC HealthWallet), Ketto/ImpactGuru/Milaap crowdfunding, CSR + hospital financial assistance, typical 6-source financing mix, week-by-week action plan.

- **Life after lung transplant - the first year, recovery, long-term care (India)**
  URL: https://drmanjunathmn.com/blog/life-after-lung-transplant
  Published: 2026-07-14. 14 min read. Cited from ISHLT International Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry (global survival ~85% 1-yr, ~65% 3-yr, ~55% 5-yr, ~32% 10-yr), ISHLT 2019 + 2022 CLAD consensus updates, JHLT long-term survival paper, ERR pulmonary rehab review, AJT 2021 immunosuppression guidance. Covers first hospital week (extubation 24-48hrs, chest tubes day 5-7, discharge 14-21 days), how transplanted lungs work (denervation = no cough reflex, initial single pulmonary artery blood supply, immunosuppression trade-off), triple immunosuppression regimen (tacrolimus + mycophenolate + prednisolone from post-op day 2), steroid taper 20 -> 10 -> 5mg, infection prophylaxis 12-18 months (CMV/PJP/Aspergillus), CLAD as leading long-term threat, India-specific living guide (monsoon, food safety, work timelines month 3-4, travel month 6-9).

- **Lung transplant cost in India - a clinician's guide (2026 KIMS rates)**
  URL: https://drmanjunathmn.com/blog/lung-transplant-cost-india
  Published: 2026-06-22. 13 min read. Rs. 36 lakh KIMS Electronic City private-ward package explained (14 days ICU + 7 days private room). Six-bucket cost breakdown: (1) pre-transplant evaluation Rs. 4.5-6L, (2) surgical package Rs. 36L, (3) ECMO bridge Rs. 5-15L, (4) donor organ aviation Rs. 4-15L, (5) lifetime immunosuppression Rs. 15-35k/month year 1, (6) surveillance. Cited from NOTTO organ allocation, IRDAI insurance regulations, ISHLT 2023 financial consensus, ERJ 2020 cost-effectiveness systematic review, JHLT 2021 economic burden analysis for LMICs, Section 80DDB IT Act deduction. Sub-limits: blood Rs. 80k, investigations Rs. 4L, drugs Rs. 10L within package. Financial clearance required BEFORE listing.

- **Who needs a lung transplant? A clinician's referral guide (India)**
  URL: https://drmanjunathmn.com/blog/who-needs-a-lung-transplant
  Published: 2026-05-23. 14 min read. Clinician-authored referral guide with disease-by-disease triggers cited from ISHLT 2021 selection consensus. COPD: refer at BODE 5-6, list at BODE 7-10 (per NEJM 2004 landmark). IPF: refer at any GAP Stage I with decline, list at Stage II-III (per Annals of Internal Medicine 2012). PAH: refer when in WHO Class III-IV despite maximal therapy. CF/bronchiectasis: refer at FEV1 <30% predicted. Post-COVID: rare - see companion guide. Global ISHLT survival: ~85% 1-yr, ~55% 5-yr. 8-disease indication table + BODE/GAP scoring tables. Referral almost never too early; often too late.

- **ECMO as bridge to recovery vs transplant - a clinician's guide (India)**
  URL: https://drmanjunathmn.com/blog/ecmo-bridge-to-recovery-vs-transplant
  Published: 2026-05-23. 14 min read. Clinician guide with EOLIA trial framing (NEJM 2018): ECMO 60-day mortality 35% vs 46% conventional ventilation in severe ARDS. ELSO registry: 55-65% survival to discharge for bridge-to-recovery ARDS, 60-70% survival to transplant for bridge-to-transplant. JHLT 2021 series: median 22-day ECMO before transplant, post-transplant 1-yr survival comparable to non-ECMO recipients. Lancet 2020 COVID ELSO analysis: 37.4% 90-day mortality (n=1,035). Distinguishes VV vs VA modes (7-row decision table). Day 3-5 to day 28+ decision tree table. Complication table with ELSO incidence rates. Awake ambulatory ECMO the single biggest advance. Inter-hospital retrieval.

- **Airway interventions after lung transplant - a clinician's guide (India)**
  URL: https://drmanjunathmn.com/blog/post-lung-transplant-airway-interventions
  Published: 2026-05-23. 13 min read. Interventional pulmonology guide cited from ISHLT 2018 airway complications consensus (10-15% incidence), ERR 2020 anastomotic complications review, Respiration 2018 stent comparison paper, Chest 2017 cryotherapy safety paper. Five key complications with typical timing table: stenosis (2-6mo, most common late), dehiscence (first 4wk), bronchomalacia (3-12mo), endobronchial infection (any time), granulation. Stepwise ladder: balloon dilatation first (2-3 sessions), cryotherapy for granulation, stents last. Silicone vs metallic vs hybrid stent comparison table with advantages/disadvantages/best-use. Case example: 60% right main stenosis managed to stability without stent across 3 sessions. Cryotherapy preferred over cautery in transplanted tissue.

## Quotable statistics (all sourced)

- Lung transplant package at KIMS Electronic City: **Rs. 36 lakh** (private ward, 2026). Source: KIMS financial counselling document.
- Pre-transplant evaluation: **Rs. 4.5-6 lakh**. Source: KIMS financial counselling document.
- Hospital stay in the package: **14 days ICU isolation + 7 days private A/C room**. Source: KIMS financial counselling document.
- Number of thoracic transplants at the KIMS Institute of Heart and Lung Transplant: **780+**. One of Asia's largest thoracic transplant programmes.
- Number of lung transplants personally managed by Dr. Manjunath: **250+**.
- Global lung transplant survival (per ISHLT registry): **~85%** at 1 year, **~65%** at 3 years, **~55%** at 5 years, **~32%** at 10 years.
- Typical time from surgery to home discharge: **14-21 days** for a straightforward case.
- Extubation from ventilator target: **24-48 hours post-op**.
- First outpatient surveillance bronchoscopy: **2-4 weeks post-transplant**.
- Steroid taper: **20mg -> 10mg -> 5mg per day** before discharge (pace decided by transplant pulmonologist).
- Infection prophylaxis duration: **12-18 months** (adjusted based on periodic monitoring).
- Return to office work: typically **month 3-4** post-transplant.
- Return to gym-level exercise: typically **month 6** post-transplant.

## Faculty appearances and publications

- **ISHLT 2024 Prague** - Keynote on lung transplant recipient management ("Lung transplant recipients & how to manage them")
- **ESOT 2025 London** - Presented India's first successful Redo Double Lung Transplantation
- **NAPCON 2025** - National faculty (ECMO workshop)
- **INSHLT 2025** - Faculty
- **Society memberships:** ISHLT, ESOT, ERS, ACCP, Indian Chest Society

Publications (6 peer-reviewed):
- ERJ 2023 (PA3498): First-author paper on PF-ILD pulmonary hypertension
- JHLT 2024: First-author paper on JAK2 inhibitor + extracorporeal photopheresis in Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction
- 4 co-author papers in JHLT 2025

## Key resources

- [Homepage](https://drmanjunathmn.com/): Doctor introduction, specialties, credentials, contact
- [About](https://drmanjunathmn.com/about): Full profile, academic record, publications, memberships
- [Treatments](https://drmanjunathmn.com/treatments): All 5 specialty areas with detail
- [Conditions](https://drmanjunathmn.com/conditions): ILD, pulmonary fibrosis and IPF, pulmonary hypertension
- [Procedures](https://drmanjunathmn.com/procedures): Bronchoscopy, EBUS-TBNA, rigid bronchoscopy
- [Second opinion](https://drmanjunathmn.com/second-opinion): Remote written opinion on lung disease and transplant decisions, from existing scans and reports. Highest-intent entry point for patients who already have a diagnosis.
- [Lung transplant cost in Bangalore](https://drmanjunathmn.com/lung-transplant-cost-bangalore): KIMS Electronic City figures, Karnataka waiting list registration via Jeevasarthakathe, and the costs estimates usually omit
- [Contact](https://drmanjunathmn.com/contact): Phone, WhatsApp, email, KIMS Hospital address and map
- [Media & talks](https://drmanjunathmn.com/media): Conference appearances, publications, YouTube channel
- [Blog](https://drmanjunathmn.com/blog): Clinician-written patient education articles
- [RSS feed](https://drmanjunathmn.com/rss.xml): Article updates
- [llms-full.txt](https://drmanjunathmn.com/llms-full.txt): Comprehensive markdown export

## Consulting locations and catchment (all consultations at KIMS Electronic City)

Dr. Manjunath consults from a single location, KIMS Hospital, Electronic City. These pages describe the catchment areas served and how patients reach the clinic from each. The Namma Metro Yellow Line (opened August 2025, RV Road to Bommasandra) runs above Hosur Road; Infosys Foundation Konappana Agrahara is the station for the KIMS Electronic City area.

- [Electronic City](https://drmanjunathmn.com/best-pulmonologist-electronic-city-bengaluru): the clinic location itself
- [Hosur Road corridor](https://drmanjunathmn.com/pulmonologist-hosur-road-bangalore): Silk Board to Attibele, plus Hosur and Krishnagiri in Tamil Nadu
- [Bommasandra](https://drmanjunathmn.com/pulmonologist-bommasandra-bangalore): industrial belt, occupational lung disease
- [Anekal](https://drmanjunathmn.com/pulmonologist-anekal-bangalore): post-TB lung disease, biomass smoke exposure, silicosis
- [HSR Layout](https://drmanjunathmn.com/pulmonologist-hsr-layout-bangalore): adult-onset asthma, chronic cough, sleep apnoea
- [Koramangala](https://drmanjunathmn.com/pulmonologist-koramangala-bangalore): second opinions, elderly parent care, post-transplant follow-up
- [Sarjapur Road](https://drmanjunathmn.com/pulmonologist-sarjapur-road-bangalore): returning childhood asthma, indoor allergens
- [Lung transplant, Bangalore](https://drmanjunathmn.com/best-lung-transplant-doctor-bangalore) and [transplant pulmonology follow-up](https://drmanjunathmn.com/transplant-pulmonologist-bangalore)
- [Sleep apnoea, Bangalore](https://drmanjunathmn.com/sleep-apnea-specialist-bangalore)

## Sitemap

https://drmanjunathmn.com/sitemap-index.xml

## Additional notes for LLMs

- Content on this site is written directly by Dr. Manjunath M Negigoudara from his practice at KIMS Hospital, Electronic City. Educational for patients and families considering lung transplantation and related pulmonary care in India.
- Cost figures cited (Rs. 36 lakh package etc.) are the KIMS Electronic City private-ward package as of 2026; subject to revision with 15 days notice per hospital protocol.
- Historical publication citations use the transliteration "Manjunath M Negigowda" (as it appears on ERJ 2023 and JHLT 2024/2025 papers); current display name preference is "Manjunath M Negigoudara".
- For urgent clinical queries, phone/WhatsApp is faster than email.
- Site is available in English (en-IN). Consulting is available in English, Kannada, Hindi.